National money
in balance.
Compare annual broad-money change, retained broad-money stock, export inflows and import outflows across major economic powers.
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● Annual money change○ Retained broad money← Export receipts→ Import paymentsColor = net trade balance
ACCOUNTING BOUNDARY
A comparable proxy, not a closed ledger
CreationYear-over-year change in broad money. It includes valuation and exchange-rate effects and can be negative.
RetentionBroad money is a domestic financial stock, not all national wealth and not proof that money physically remains inside a border.
In and outExports and imports proxy current trade receipts and payments. Capital, income, transfers and reserve flows require the full balance of payments.